The retraction of an article aims to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record and inform readers that the findings presented in an article can no longer be considered reliable. An article may be considered for retraction if there is clear evidence of fabricated or falsified data, serious errors that invalidate the conclusions, plagiarism, redundant publication, breaches of research ethics, manipulation of the publication process, or other issues that materially compromise the reliability of the article. If the issues affect only a limited portion of the work and the main findings remain trustworthy, a correction may be a more appropriate course of action.

The PSEJ editorial team will assess the evidence proportionately, contact the authors for their response, and may seek clarification from relevant institutions if necessary. The outcome may take the form of a correction, an expression of concern, a retraction, or a decision to take no further action. Notices of correction or retraction will objectively explain the reasons and be linked to the article in question. Retracted articles generally remain in the archive, clearly marked with their status. The removal of an article is considered only under exceptional circumstances, such as for legal or protective reasons.